The basics: what does GLP-1 stand for?
GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1 — a hormone your gut produces after eating. Its job is to signal the brain that you’re full, slow digestion, and regulate blood sugar. The discovery that this hormone could be pharmacologically amplified is one of the most significant developments in metabolic medicine in decades.
GLP-1 receptor agonists are medications that mimic this hormone — but far more potently and for longer than natural GLP-1. They can reduce appetite, slow how quickly the stomach empties, and change how the brain responds to hunger signals.
The mechanism — how it acts on appetite
Hunger is not a character flaw — it is driven partly by hormonal signals. GLP-1 medications act on hormonal signals involved in appetite, which is why they are prescribed alongside, not instead of, changes to diet and activity.
What the clinical data shows
Semaglutide and tirzepatide were studied in large peer-reviewed, placebo-controlled clinical trials of the FDA-approved versions (NEJM STEP 1 and SURMOUNT-1), in which participants on average lost meaningful body weight over more than a year. Compounded versions were not studied in those trials, and individual results vary.
Who may be eligible?
- Adults with a BMI of 30 or above
- Adults with a BMI of 27 or above and at least one weight-related condition, such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes or high cholesterol
In both cases, treatment is used alongside a reduced-calorie diet and more physical activity, and a licensed provider decides whether it is appropriate for you. GLP-1 medications are not for people who are pregnant, or who have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2. See the Important Safety Information.
Talk to a licensed provider.
A licensed provider will evaluate your eligibility. See weight loss options →